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LCC's library of free technical white papers cover categories that include compliance, UMTS, quality of service (QoS), EDGE, GPRS, WiMAX, network design paradigms, and much more. Check back and visit LCC's technical papers directory for new entries to the industry's best source for technical white papers and network information.
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Core Network Design and Dimensioning for GPRS and UMTS
The paper discusses the protocol architecture, and the design methodology for GPRS and UMTS core networks (CN). It presents the new elements used for packet routing and external network interfacing, an overview of the CN protocol architecture, transport technology and interconnect topology options and their pros and cons, as well as the dimensioning parameters for network elements and links. |
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A Systematic Approach For UMTS RAN Design
The paper emphasizes specific features of UMTS-RAN design as: 3G radio traffic engineering, service mapping and significance for RAN capacity, selection of key system parameters like the power for synchronization (SCH) and common pilot (CPICH), as well as the concept behind 3G design tools. |
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OET71 Compliance Testing
The white paper focuses on what the new FCC regulations for E911 compliance mean to wireless operators, LCC International's position on testing and compliance, and the cost benefit of various testing methodologies. |
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QoS estimation for cellular packet data networks
The paper proposes a set of measurements and a method for mapping the results into key quality indicators for data services. The approach is radio technology agnostic, and provides a top down approach for network optimization, starting from the end user perspective. |
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Designing guard bands for minimal performance degradation
New spectrum is required for cellular systems including 3G, but such spectrum is hardly available. To find new spectrum, considerations have been given to reduce the existing guard bands. Such an approach would degrade the uplink/downlink performance of the incumbent cellular systems. The paper presents a method for estimating the degradation of the DL service considering only the receiver blocking mechanisms. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the coverage degradation of the incumbent cellular systems is evaluated for several RF parameters and traffic loading. It is shown that the overall degradation may be equated to less than 0.9% increase in outage. |
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Estimating RF Spectrum Utilization
RF spectrum utilization offers information about how much and how often a given licensed or unlicensed spectrum is used. Methods and techniques for estimating RF spectrum utilization are needed either for spectrum sharing, assessing harmful interference within licensed/unlicensed frequency bands or for auditing the radio environment before commissioning new access nodes. The paper addresses the spectrum clearance estimation and defines the associated metrics. Results from a spectrum clearance campaign in the 900 MHz and 2.5 GHz for both stationary and mobile cases are included. |
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Estimating Radio Coverage for New Mobile Wireless Services Data Collection and Pre-processing
New mobile wireless services (digital broadcasting, 3G, etc) stress the importance of small (pico/micro) cell urban prediction models along with tighter requirements for coverage analysis. For any route within the market, service providers must guarantee the coverage and locate the service fades. Intensive drive testing and data processing are required for checking the design and tuning the prediction tools. The paper, describes a method for field strength data collection and statistical processing for accurate coverage estimation and descriptions of routes in terms of received RF power. |
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On UMTS overlay deployment
Deploying UMTS on top of an existent GSM network (UMTS overlay) needs special consideration for securing all the benefits of a synergetic network. Aspects regarding UMTS network evolution, coverage, co-location, interference and noise, inter-system handover, mobility management, and traffic load sharing must be carefully investigated. The paper focuses on the constraints imposed by the overlay. Once these are fixed, the UMTS design process should follow the general criteria already presented in literature. |
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Statistics of the received power in a multipath environment
Ray-tracing algorithms do not provide complete information on the phases of the received electromagnetic field. Generally, phases are assumed to be independent random variables, uniformly distributed in the interval [-π,π). For more than six paths (n≥6) with equal power contributions, the total received power has been shown to have an exponential distribution function CDF0. An analytical solution for the cumulative distribution function CDF2 is derived for two paths. It shows a completely different shape than any other case with n≥3. According to the power spreading among paths, either CDF2 or CDF0 may be used as limiting distributions to compute the confidence level or probability of the received power. |
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Wireless Local Loop Radio Systems
Wireless local loop radio, is expected to become a widely accepted technology for rapid access to network infrastructure by remote locations. Characteristics of a wireless local loop system are partially different from those in the mobile cellular system and therefore their design and planning require different considerations. This paper provides first an overview of the wireless local loop systems and then discusses the important design aspects such as the necessary fade margin to achieve a given availability, level crossing rate and average fade duration. |
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